Ngaphandle kokuba  lorhulumente uyayilungisa i-SAPS,  akasayi kuhlangabezana nezinye iinjongo zakhe

15 EyeKhala (July) 2024 – 24 EyeKhala (July) 2024 – Intatheli David Bruce and Gareth Newham – SA

Sifuna indlela entsha yokwenza umsebenzi wamapolisa kuMphathiswa uSenzo Mchunu

Ukuchongwa kukaSenzo Mchunu njengoMphathiswa wamaPolisa kumkelwe ngomdla. Xa sicinga ukuba ixesha lakhe njengoMphathiswa weMicimbi yaManzi noGutyulo ligqalwa njengelilungileyo ngokubanzi, kukho ithemba.

Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe njengoMphathiswa wamaPolisa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ube ngumngeni.

Izixa-mali ezininzi zoluntu zityalwe kwiNkonzo yesiPolisa yaseMzantsi Afrika (i-SAPS) – ngaphezulu kwe-R113-bhiliyoni kulo nyaka-mali ekulindeleke ukuba inyuke iye ngaphaya kwe-R124-bhiliyoni ngo-2025/26. Kodwa imibuzo malunga nendlela yokuphucula inkonzo ayihoywanga. Ingqikelelo eyenziwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo nangempazamo yeyokuba ukwandisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, nokuqesha amagosa amapolisa amaninzi, kuya kwanela ukuphucula ukusebenza kwawo.

I-SAPS iye yehla ngokuthelekisa uninzi lwezalathisi zayo zokusebenza, okanye ime ngxi. Umzekelo, inani lokubulala elisonjululwe yi-SAPS lehlile ukusuka kuma-31% ngo-2011/12.

ukuya kutsho ngaphezulu kwe-12% ngo-2022/23. Ngo-2021, uphando lwafumanisa ukuba malunga nabantu abathathu kwabane babenethemba elincinane okanye bengenalo kwaphela kumapolisa.

Ngenxa yokungabikho kwesicwangciso esicacileyo sokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-SAPS, iZiko leZifundo zoKhuseleko (ISS) liye labeka phambili iseti yeengcebiso ezilishumi elinanye (jonga ngezantsi) malunga nendlela yokuqinisa lo mbutho ubalulekileyo. Ezi zindululo zaphehlelelwa kwisemina kwi-ISS ngomhla wama-27 kweyeSilimela, eyanikelwa nguMkomishinala weSizwe weSAPS, uFannie Masemola.

Ukongeza kugxininiso oluzinikeleyo ekunciphiseni ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemipu nobundlobongela, i-ISS indulula amanye amanyathelo alishumi, agxile kumanqaku acwangciswe ngobuchule, ajolise ekuqhubeleni phambili i-SAPS, iphucule ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokuthembela koluntu kulo mbutho.

Ekuqwalaseleni iingcebiso ze-ISS, kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela imingeni enzima ejongene norhulumente womanyano lwesizwe. ‘Ingxelo yenjongo’ ye-GNU, ngoku etyikitywe ngamaqela alishumi ezopolitiko, igxininisa into yokuba uMzantsi Afrika, norhulumente woMzantsi Afrika, bajongene neengxaki ezininzi ezingxamisekileyo, kodwa ezinzima.

‘Inkqubo esisiseko esisiseko’ amaqela avumelene ngayo, ibandakanya ukuzinikela ekubekeni phambili imiba emininzi ebalulekileyo, ukusuka ekukhuthazeni ‘ukukhula koqoqosho olukhawulezayo, olubandakanyayo noluzinzileyo’ kunye nokuhlangabezana nentlupheko, ukungakhuseleki kokutya kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokuphila, ukuya kuzinzisa urhulumente wasekhaya, ukuphucula ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nokudala inkonzo yoluntu ephucukileyo, engenarhwaphilizo.

Ngamnye kule miba unokubonwa njengomele, okanye unxulunyaniswa nohlobo oluthile lwentlekele, nokuba le yintlekele yokungaqeshwa, iziphumo ezibi kwimfundo, indlala, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle koorhulumente beengingqi. Ezi ngxaki zixhomekeke kwenye kwaye zomeleza.

Ukuqinisa ii-arhente zogcino-mthetho, apho i-SAPS iyeyona inkulu kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu, ibandakanyiwe njengenye yezi zinto zibalulekileyo. Kodwa ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba lo mbandela uya kusingathwa ngokungxamisekileyo ngokwaneleyo? Ngaphandle kokuphucula okuqaphelekayo impembelelo ye-SAPS kukhuseleko loluntu, uninzi lwezinye izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka kuya kuba nzima ukufikelela kuzo.

Ukusuka kumsebenzi wakhe njengoMphathiswa wezaManzi noGutyulo, uMphathiswa uMchunu uza kuqhelana nefuthe lorhwaphilizo nobusela beziseko ezingundoqo, kubonelelo lwamanzi nogutyulo. Lo ngomnye umzekeliso wendlela ukukwazi koMzantsi Afrika ukuphendula kwimingeni yawo kuxhomekeke, ngokuyinxenye, ekuphuculeni kakhulu amandla awo okusabela kulwaphulo-mthetho.

Izinga eliphezulu lobundlobongela kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho luye lwaba yinto eqhelekileyo. Abantu abaninzi abazizityebi kunye namashishini akwazile ukuziqhelanisa ngcono nokuzikhusela kulwaphulo-mthetho kunye neempembelelo zabo Oku kubonwa kutyalo-mali olukhulu kwiinkonzo zokhuseleko zabucala, amanyathelo okhuseleko ezindlini nakwii-ofisi, kunye ne-inshorensi yokuqinisekisa imbuyekezo kumaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukuzikhusela kulwaphulo-mthetho ke ngoko kubeke umthwalo omkhulu wemali kwabo baphezulu nabakumgangatho ophakathi. Kodwa impembelelo kunye neziphumo kubantu abangathathi ntweni zahluke ngokomgangatho. Kukubasebenzi kunye noluntu oluhlwempuzekileyo apho amazinga okubulala nokudlwengulwa awona aphezulu, kwaye apho abantu abaqhelekileyo bajongana nomngcipheko wemihla ngemihla wokukhuthuzwa, nokuba ngabangeneleli bexhobile emakhayeni, ezitratweni, okanye (kwabo banabo) iimoto zabo.

Ingxelo yeBhanki yeHlabathi yonyaka ophelileyo ngefuthe lolwaphulo-mthetho kuqoqosho loMzantsi Afrika iqaqambisa into yokuba amashishini asesikweni namashishini angekho sikweni achatshazelwa lulwaphulo-mthetho. Kodwa ngelixa amashishini amakhulu anokutyalomali kwiinkonzo zokhuseleko kunye nemilinganiselo, “amashishini ambalwa kakhulu angakwazi ukuzikhusela-kuphela malunga ne-1 ekhulwini echitha imali ekukhuseleni”.

Ingxelo ithi, kwicandelo elingekho sikweni ‘phakathi kwe-10 nama-30 ekhulwini labo basenokuba ngabarhwebi abaqalisi okanye batyale imali kwishishini ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho. Kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho lubonakala lunempembelelo embi kakhulu kwabona bamashishini bancinci nabaphumeleleyo, nto leyo edala umqobo obalulekileyo ekudalweni kwamashishini amatsha kunye nokumiselwa kwawo ngokusesikweni. Kwiilokishi ezifana neDiepsloot neKhayelitsha, ulwaphulo-mthetho lolona lunyanzelisekayo ekushishineni. Oku kuchaphazela kakhulu oosomashishini ababhinqileyo ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni sabo kubundlobongela, nto leyo ebenza bangakwazi ukusebenza kwiindawo ezibonwa njengeziyingozi.”

Ukongeza kumthwalo wolwaphulo-mthetho malunga nokufa, ukwenzakala kunye nomonzakalo, ulwaphulo-mthetho ngoko lomeleza ukukhethelwa bucala kwezoqoqosho kwaye luvalela iinzame zokulungisa ukungalingani okugqugqisayo ngokobuhlanga.

Izinga lokubulala elikhoyo ngoku eMzantsi Afrika lelinye lawona aphezulu kwihlabathi jikelele ngeziganeko zokubulala ezingama-27,442 ezirekhodwe yiSAPS ngo-2022/23. Ulwaphulo-mthetho nobundlobongela kuqikelelwa yiBhanki yeHlabathi ukuba ilahlekise uqoqosho ubuncinane nge-10% yesambuku semveliso yasekhaya. Babeka umthwalo onzima kungekuphela nje kumashishini nakumalungu oluntu kodwa nakwinkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo, ezikolweni, kwizibonelelo zikarhulumente nakwiziseko zophuhliso kwinqanaba lesizwe, lephondo nelengingqi.

Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-SAPS lubonisa ukuba umsebenzi wamapolisa ubusoloko uthathwa ngurhulumente njengenye yeendleko zakhe eziphambili. Nangona kunjalo, imfuneko yamanyathelo okomeleza i-SAPS nakweyiphi na indawo ayikhange ithathwe njengeyona nto iphambili ngokubaluleka ekuxhomekeke kuyo ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwamanye amaphulo karhulumente.

Umsebenzi we-ISS ngendlela yokomeleza i-SAPS kule minyaka yakutsha nje udiza ukuba imiba emininzi yobupolisa ifuna ukulungiswa. Oku kususela ekugayweni, ekukhethweni nasekuqeqesheni, ukuya kwintsebenziswano yoluntu, ukuyilwa kwezalathisi zokusebenza, iimpawu eziphambili zenkcubeko yombutho kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe. Uluhlu olude lweengxaki ezikhoyo ngoku ezijongene ne-SAPS azinakusonjululwa zonke ngaxeshanye, okanye ngamaqhekezana.

Njengoko izindululo ze-ISS zikhuthaza, ukuphendula kule ngxaki ikhoyo ngoku yolwaphulo-mthetho olunamacala amaninzi, kufuneka kubekho inkqubo yamanyathelo anenjongo neqhinga lokomeleza i-SAPS kunye nefuthe layo kukhuseleko loluntu. Into efunekayo kukucingisiswa kakuhle ngeseti yamanyathelo enkqubo, ekhokelwa kukuqonda amanqaku abalulekileyo esicwangciso-qhinga “sokuxhamla”.

Kuyathenjwa ukuba uMphathiswa uMchunu uya kukwazi ukukhokela impendulo ecingisisiweyo kwingxaki yolwaphulo-mthetho, nohlaziyo lombutho weSAPS kusentliziyweni yalo. Le nkqubo mayiphunyezwe ngononophelo nangenjongo kule minyaka mihlanu yolawulo olutsha. Iindlela ezibonakala kakhulu neziqhutywa ngokwezopolitiko ezifana nokubuyiselwa emkhosini kwamapolisa okanye ukuthembela ngokugqithisileyo kwimisebenzi ebonakalayo ebonakalayo, ekhokelela kumakhulu amawaka okubanjwa kodwa kungabikho mpembelelo kulwaphulo-mthetho, kufuneka yaliwe. Ubunzulu kunye noluhlu lweentlekele zoMzantsi Afrika zinokulungiswa kuphela xa iSAPS ikwazile ukuphucula ukhuseleko loluntu.

Nanjengoko ebesazi uMphathiswa uMchunu, ngaphandle kwamanzi okusela akunakwenzeka ukuba abantu baphile. Kodwa ngokunjalo, ukukwazi koluntu lwethu ukujongana noluhlu olubanzi lwemicelimngeni olujongene nayo kuxhomekeke ekukwazini ukonwabela amanqanaba okhuseleko afanelekileyo.

UDavid Bruce ngumphandi ojongene nobupolisa kunye ne-Institute for Security Studies (ISS) umcebisi. UGareth Newham uyintloko yeNkqubo yoBulungisa noBundlobongela kwi-ISS.