Abemi boMzantsi Afrika baphila ixesha elide, ikakhulu ngenxa yonyango lwe-HIV
Amayeza ee-antiretroviral abe yimpumelelo, kodwa umsebenzi ongakumbi uyafuneka ukuze kufikelelwe usukelo lweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo
UMzantsi Afrika uneenkqubo ezithile ezilawulwa ngurhulumente ezisebenza kakuhle. Enye yezi yinkqubo yonyango lwe-HIV. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba sinelona candelo likarhulumente likhulu lenkqubo yeyeza ezingapheliyo kwisifo esinye naphi na emhlabeni.
Kubantu abazizigidi ezisi-7.8 abane-HIV eMzantsi Afrika, malunga ne-5.8-yezigidi bakunyango lwe-antiretroviral, ngokwemodeli ye-HIV yaseThembisa. Malunga ne-5.5 yezigidi zabantu bafumana amayeza abo kwinkqubo yezempilo karhulumente.
Le yimpumelelo emangalisayo. Mihla le izigidi zabantu zisela iipilisi ezikhutshwa ngurhulumente ezibagcina bephila. Yinkqubo ezuze inzuzo enkulu yezempilo yoluntu.
Amanani: Aluncedo kodwa uwaphathe ngononophelo
Uninzi lwamanani kweli nqaku kufuneka luphathwe njengento eqikelelweyo. Imithombo yedatha emininzi enomgangatho owahluka-hlukeneyo isetyenziselwa ukuqikelela ixesha lokuphila, ukubhubha kweentsana nabantwana, inani labantu abakunyango, izehlo ze-HIV njl.njl. Umzekelo kaThembisa ophuhliswe ngabaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseKapa, ngokombono wethu, wenza owona msebenzi ungcono ukudibanisa idatha ngokuhambelanayo.
Ngo-1990 ubomi obulindelekileyo ekuzalweni eMzantsi Afrika babungaphezu nje kweminyaka engama-63. I-HIV yabangela ukuba ubude bobomi behle baba ngaphantsi kwama-54 ngo-2004. Oku kwenziwa mandundu kukulibaziseka kukaMongameli Thabo Mbeki iminyaka emininzi ekukhutshweni kwamayeza ee-antiretroviral ngenxa yokuba wayephikisa inzululwazi ye-HIV.
Emva koxinzelelo lwamatshantliziyo, oogqirha kunye nezigulana, uMbeki uye warhoxa. Urhulumente wabhengeza isicwangciso sonyango lwe-HIV ngomhla we-19 kuNovemba ka-2003 kwaye waqala kancinci ukunikezela ngee-antiretrovirals ngo-2004. Namhlanje ubomi obuphilwayo bungama-64. (Kubekho ukwehla okukhulu ngexesha le-Covid kodwa siye sachacha.)
Enye into enegalelo kolu phuculo lobomi obulindelekileyo “kuthintelo olungcono losulelo lwe-HIV olusuka kumama lusiya emntwaneni kunye nokuqaliswa kwezitofu ezintsha, ezifana nezitofu zokugonya ipneumococcal nerotavirus, kubantwana,” kucacisa iSebe lezeMali kuphononongo lwenkcitho yezempilo yephondo. .
Uxwebhu olufanayo lukaNondyebo luchaza ukuba izinga lokufa kweentsana lehla ukusuka kwi-39 kwi-1,000 yokuzalwa okuphilayo ngo-2009 ukuya kwi-25 kwi-1,000 ngo-2018.
Urhulumente uchitha kwingingqi ye-R20-billion ngonyaka kwii-antiretrovirals, engeyiyo ne-10% yenkcitho yezempilo karhulumente. Oku kube lusetyenziso olunempumelelo kakhulu lwemali yoluntu. Ngaphandle kobomi obusindisiweyo, i-Economist Impact iqikelela ukuba i-$1 nganye echithwe kwimpendulo ye-HIV ivelisa imbuyekezo ye-$7 kutyalo-mali.
Unyango lwe-antiretroviral luyafumaneka kuninzi lweekliniki zecandelo likarhulumente elizweni. Kwiindawo ezininzi, inkonzo yendawo yokuchola ivumela izigulane ukuba zifumane unyango kufutshane nasekhaya. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwabo bahlala kude neekliniki kwaye abanako ukuhlawulela isithuthi.
Ii-antiretrovirals ezinciphisa ukusweleka kwe-AIDS
Inani labantu ababulawa nguGawulayo lenyuka ngo-2005 lifikelela kuma-265,000. Njengoko kwakhutshwa unyango lwe-antiretroviral, ukufa kwe-AIDS kwaqala ukwehla. Ngo-2022, abantu abangaphantsi kwama-50,000 ekuqikelelwa ukuba basweleke ngenxa ye-AIDS kunye nokufa kwe-AIDS kulindeleke ukuba kwehle ukuya kuma-40,000 ngonyaka ngo-2030.
Usulelo olusuka kumama lusiya emntwaneni
I-HIV inokosulela isuka kumama isiya emntwaneni ngexa lokukhulelwa, ngexesha lokubeleka, okanye emva kokubeleka ngokuncancisa. Ezi ndlela zosulelo zehle kakhulu emva kokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yothintelo losulelo olusuka kumama lusiya emntwaneni ngeminyaka yoo-2000. Ngo-2004, bekukho ama-76,000 eemeko ezintsha zosulelo olusuka kumama lusiya emntwaneni. Ngo-2022, bekukho ama-7,200
I-HIV inokosulela isuka kumama isiya emntwaneni ngexa lokukhulelwa, ngexesha lokubeleka, okanye emva kokubeleka ngokuncancisa. Ezi ndlela zosulelo zehle kakhulu emva kokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yothintelo losulelo olusuka kumama lusiya emntwaneni ngeminyaka yoo-2000. Ngo-2004, bekukho ama-76,000 eemeko ezintsha zosulelo olusuka kumama lusiya emntwaneni. Ngo-2022, bebengama-7,200.
Yintoni esafuna ukwenziwa?
ULeigh Johnson kwiDyunivesithi yaseKapa ukhokela imodeli ye-AIDS kaThembisa. Uthi idatha kaThembisa icebisa ukuba eyona miqobo mikhulu yokufikelela usukelo ngamazinga aphezulu ophazamiseko lonyango kunye nobunzima bokunxibelelana kwakhona nabantu emva kokuba beyekile ukuthatha unyango.
“Oku kungumceli mngeni ingakumbi kumadoda, abafikisayo kunye nolutsha. Ukwenza ukuba izibonelelo zempilo zifikeleleke ngakumbi (iiyure zokuvula ezinde, imigca emifutshane) kunye nokwenza kube lula ukuba abantu batshintshe phakathi kwezibonelelo kufuneka kubekwe phambili, kunye ne-red tape encinci kubantu abaqala unyango kwakhona emva kokuphazamiseka,” utsho uJohnson.
Njengoko ingxelo ye-Spotlight, i-2023 ye-HIV Investment Case, elungiselelwe yi-HE2RO, iyunithi yophando lwezoqoqosho kwiYunivesithi yaseWitwatersrand, igxininisa ukuba ngocwangciso olunenkathalo nokuphunyezwa, iithagethi ze-95/95/95 zinokufikelelwa ngaphandle kokubeka uxinzelelo ngakumbi i-fiscus enzima.
Amanyathelo okungenelela angabizi kakhulu, ngokutsho kwe-HE2RO, aquka ukonyuka kwamalungiselelo ekhondom, ukuqesha abasebenzi abaninzi ukuba banxulumanise abantu abane-HIV kunyango, ukonyusa uvavanyo lwe-HIV, kunye neepilisi zothintelo.
