Libi kangakanani izinga lokubulawa kwabantu eMzantsi Afrika?

15 ISilimela 2023 – Marecia Damons & Nathan Geffen – SA

ENtshona Koloni

Ingaba iNtshona Koloni ijikile na?

Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela oyisika ngayo, izibalo zokubulawa kwabantu eMzantsi Afrika zimbi kakhulu. Bangaphezu kwama-27,000 abantu ababuleweyo ukusuka ngo-Epreli ka-2022 ukuya kuMatshi ka-2023, elona nani liphakamileyo elirekhodiweyo kunyaka omnye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Phantse inani elifanayo labantu ababulawayo ngo-1994, kwincopho yemfazwe yamakhaya eyayishushu kancinci eGauteng naKwazulu-Natal, nangona izinga lokubulawa kwabantu ngoku lisengaphantsi kwelo xesha kuba inani labantu linyukile ukusuka kuma-40 ukuya kuma-60 ezigidi.

Isilumkiso

Ukubulala (okanye ukubulala) yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo neluncedo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Okokuqala, lolona lwaphulo-mthetho lunzulu. Okwesibini, lolona lwaphulo-mthetho lulinganiselweyo: abantu bahlala bengaxeli ezinye izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye imizimba kunzima ukuyifihla. Nangona kunjalo, nenani lokubulala kunye namazinga okubulala ngamaxesha athile awaxelwanga rhoqo kwimithombo yolwazi. Apha besithembele ikakhulu kwidatha yeNkonzo yamaPolisa aseMzantsi Afrika ngokubulala ngekota nonyaka, kwaye sisebenzise imodeli ye-AIDS yaseThembisa (umthombo oluncedo kakhulu nothembekileyo kwidatha eninzi yaseMzantsi Afrika) kuqikelelo lwabemi ukuze kubalwe amazinga okubulala ngokwe unyaka. Onke amanani aqikelelweyo. Ubalo-bantu lwaseMzantsi Afrika lokugqibela lwalungowama-2011, nto leyo ethetha ukuba amazinga okubulala (axhomekeke kuqikelelo lwabemi) kuya kusiba nzima ukuqikelela ngokuzithemba.

De kwaba malunga neshumi leminyaka eyadlulayo, inani lokubulawa kwabantu ngonyaka lalincipha. Ngoxa sasisephakamile, sasibonakala silulawula ngokuthe ngcembe ulwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo. Emva koko kwenzeka oku:

Iinyani ezininzi:

• Inani lokubulala kulo nyaka uphelileyo lisenokuba lelona liphezulu kwirekhodi. Elona liphezulu langaphambili ngu-1995/6 (ngaphantsi nje kwama-27,000).
• Izinga lokubulala (ama-46 kwi-100,000) lisengaphantsi ngandlel’ ithile ekuqaleni ukuya phakathi koo-1990 (imithombo eyahlukeneyo inika uqikelelo olwahlukileyo kodwa malunga nama-65 kwi-100,000 yabantu ngonyaka ngelo xesha).
• Ngoku kukho isi-4 ukuya kwisi-5% samathuba okuba unobangela wokufa kwakho eMzantsi Afrika ibe kukubulala.
• Ngokwenqaku elapapashwa ngoMatshi liZiko leziFundo zoKhuseleko, uMzantsi Afrika ngoku ukwindawo yesibini ngezinga lokubulawa kwabantu kwihlabathi. Kuphela yiJamaica embi kakhulu. Kodwa phawula ukuba amazwe amaninzi akakwazi ukulinganisa ngokuchanileyo izinga lawo lokubulala. Kwakhona inani lokufa ngenxa yobundlobongela kwiindawo ezineemfazwe kuyaphikiswana kwaye kwenza izinto zibe nzima.
• Ngelixa ukubulawa kwabantu kwehle ngokuncomekayo kunyaka wokuqala we-Covid, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuvalwa okungqongqo, inani lokubulala ngo-2020/21 lisengaphezu kowama-2016/17.

Ukusukela oko uBheki Cele waba nguMphathiswa wamaPolisa ngo-2018, izinga lokubulala linyukile ukusuka ku-36 ukuya kuma-46 kwi-100,000. Kwisiqingatha seshumi leminyaka ngaphambi kokuba athathe esi sikhundla (kwaye emva kokuba esusiwe njengoMphathiswa wamaPolisa ngo-2011) imeko yayisele imbi.

• Izinga lokubulawa kwabantu kwihlabathi lehlile ukusuka ku-2010 ukuya ku-2020, ukusuka malunga ne-6 kwi-100,000 ukuya kwi-5.4 kwi-100,000, ngelixa izinga lokubulawa kwabantu eMzantsi Afrika linyuke kakhulu ngeli xesha.

Kutheni le nto izinga lokubulala liye laqatsela? UDavid Bruce, umphengululi ohlonitshwa ngokubanzi ngogonyamelo, umsebenzi wamapolisa nokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, walatha koonobangela abaliqela: ukuncipha kwamanani amapolisa, ukwanda kwemipu nolwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo olulungelelanisiweyo. Ukwacebisa ukuba ukudodobala koqoqosho kunokuba negalelo ekwandeni kolwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela. “Le mpembelelo igxile kakhulu kumaphondo amane anabantu abaninzi,” uxelele iGroundUp.

Ingaba kukho ulwakhiwo lwesilivere kwidatha yeNtshona Koloni

INtshona Koloni lelinye lawona maphondo anobundlobongela kwaye kubekho izenzo zokubulalana ezingakumbi kulo nyaka uphelileyo (Aprili 2022 ukuya kuMatshi 2023) kweli phondo kunawo nawuphi na omnye unyaka kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.

Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, izinga lokubulawa kwabantu kweli phondo linyuke ukusuka ngaphantsi nje kwama-45 kubantu abayi-100,000 ukuya kuma-60 kubantu abayi-100,000.

Ukanti kubonakala ngathi kukho iindaba ezithembisayo kule nto. Inani lokubulala kwikota yesine (ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMatshi 2023) liphantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, ukusuka kwi-1,015 ukuya kwi-872. yinyani.

UBruce uthi ingcaciso enokwenzeka yokuphuculwa kweNtshona Koloni ngumgangatho owahlukileyo wothethathethwano ngurhulumente wephondo. “Ubungqina obukhoyo ngobokuba urhulumente weNtshona Koloni ubandakanyeka ngqo kwimibuzo emalunga nendlela yokuphucula ukhuseleko kweli phondo. Akukho bungqina bucacileyo bento efanayo nakweliphi na elinye iphondo nakwinqanaba likazwelonke. ”

“Ehlabathini lohlalutyo lweendlela zolwaphulo-mthetho, kukho uluhlu olungenasiphelo lweengcaciso. Kodwa okucacayo kum, kukuba urhulumente [waseNtshona Koloni] uzibandakanya kwimibuzo yokhuseleko ngendlela ephucukileyo kunorhulumente kazwelonke kwaye ephucuke ngakumbi kunabanye oorhulumente bamaphondo,” utshilo.

Ilungu lezoKhuselo noKhuseleko eKapa uJP Smith uxelele iGroundUp ukuba iNtshona Koloni inemingeni emininzi yokhuseleko equka amaqela emigulukudu, ulwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo kunye neziyobisi. “Kungenxa yoko le nto iSixeko sityale imali eninzi kangaka kunyanzeliso lwaso kunye neenkonzo zikaxakeka kule minyaka ili-15 idlulileyo, kwaye silwela ukwandiswa kwamandla, ukuncedisana ne-SAPS ukwenza uluntu lukhuseleke.”

USmith uthe ngo-2019, isiXeko sibambisene noRhulumente weNtshona Koloni, saqalisa ukukhawulezisa ukusasazwa kogcino-mthetho kwezinye zezona ndawo zichaphazeleke kakhulu kulwaphulo-mthetho eKapa kusetyenziswa isiCwangciso soNyanzeliso loNyanzeliso loMthetho (LEAP).

Amagosa e-LEAP atyalwe eDelft, eGugulethu, eHarare, eKhayelitsha (indawo yamapolisa kwiSiza B), eKraaifontein, eMfuleni, eMitchells Plain, eNyanga, ePhilippi East, naseSamora Machel.

Ezinye iindawo ezinolwaphulo-mthetho oluphezulu abathe batyalwa kuzo yiAtlantis, Bishop Lavis kunye neHanover Park, kunye neLavender Hill, Steenberg kunye neGrassy Park, ngokwengxelo yakutshanje yeNkulumbuso yeNtshona Koloni uAlan Winde kunye nomphathiswa wephondo lokongamela nokhuseleko loluntu uReagan Allen. .

“Inkcukacha-manani ezivezwe ngabaphathi beSAPS zibonisa ukuba senze inkqubela,” utshilo uSmith. “Amaziko amaninzi amapolisa aseKapa – ebedume ngokuphatha izikhundla eziphezulu ngeziganeko zokubulala, ukuzama ukubulala nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho oluxhomisa amehlo – aziyekile ezi zintlu.”

Nangona kuye kwakho ukuphucuka kumazinga okubulala kwiphondo, uSmith uyavuma “ukuba usemkhulu umsebenzi ekusafuneka wenziwe ngokubhekiselele kwiKapa elikhuselekileyo”. Ngapha koko, iNtshona Koloni ikwindawo yesithathu kwizinga eliphezulu lokubulawa kwabantu kweli lizwe.